Treatment and Prevention
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Harm Reduction Programs
Reducing Harm: Treatment and Beyond, Drug Policy Alliance, 2004.
This Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) resource provides information and statistics about harm reduction methods ranging from methadone maintenance to needle exchange.
Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Center for Disease Control, 2002.
This brief from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) discusses the effectiveness of methadone treatment for opiate addiction. Highlighted are the benefits to the individual as well as benefits to society through HIV prevention and crime reduction.
High Success Rates for Various Heroin Addiction Treatment Medications, NIDA, 2000.
This news release from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) describes the high rate of success in treating heroin addiction with medications such as LAMM, buprenorphine, and high doses of methadone.
Needle Exchange and Drug Abuse Rates, National Institute of Health, 1997.
This NIH statement asserts that needle exchange programs do not increase, and may actually decrease, intravenous drug use.
The Public Health Impact of Needle Exchange Programs in the United States and Abroad, University of California, 1993.
This study conducted for the Center for Disease Control recommends needle exchange programs for the prevention of HIV transmissions between IDUs.
Prevention Issues
Is the Local Jail Your Local Mental Hospital?, Michelle Russell, 2003.
This paper, written by CJPF Research Associate Michelle Russell, addresses the connection between drug use, mental illness, and incarceration.
Economics and Efficacy of Treatment Alternatives
Benefit–Cost in the California Treatment Outcome Project: Does Substance Abuse Treatment ‘‘Pay for Itself’’?, Susan Ettner, et. al., 2005.
In their research of over 3,000 patients receiving substance abuse treatment in California, a UCLA research team calculated that while, on average, substance abuse treatment costs $1,583 per person, it is associated with a monetary benefit to society of $11,487.
Economic Benefits of Drug Treatment: A Critical Review of the Evidence for Foriegn Policy Makers, Treatment Research Institute, 2005.
This University of Pennsylvania research details the economic benefits of drugs of substance abuse treatment.
Drug Abuse Treatment For Connecticut Inmates Reduces Rearrest Rates, Substance Abuse Policy Research Program, 2004.
This study shows that treatment is more cost-effective than incarceration as prisoners who enter substance abuse treatment programs have a lower recidivism rate than other inmates.
National and State Findings on the Efficacy and Cost Savings of Drug Treatment Versus Imprisonment, Justice Policy Institute, 2004.
This policy brief shows that treatment is more cost-effective than imprisonment. It also finds that completing treatment can reduce recidivism.
Crossing the Bridge: An Evaluation of the Drug Treatment Alternative-to-Prison (DTAP) Program, National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 2003.
This research, funded by NIDA, shows the effectiveness of drug treatment in reducing criminal behavior. It also concludes that treatment is a more cost-effective solution than incarceration.
Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide, NIDA, 1999.
This NIDA report highlights the effectiveness of numerous types of drug treatment programs.
Controlling Cocaine: Supply vs. Demand Programs, The RAND Corporation, 1994.
This study prepared for the Office of National Drug Control Policy found that drug treatment is 15 times more cost-effective than law enforcement in reducing cocaine abuse.
Research on Treatment Referrals
Differences in Marijuana Admissions Based on Source of Referral, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005.
This SAMHSA report shows that while marijuana use has remained stable, treatment referrals from the criminal justice system have risen 162% since 1992. Additionally, 57.9% of those in treatment for marijuana in 2002 were referred from the criminal justice system.
State Estimates of Persons Needing But Not Receiving Substance Abuse Treatment, SAMHSA, 2004.
This research shows that many individuals with substance abuse problems do not receive the treatment that they need.
Treatment Episode Data Set Highlights, SAMHSA, 2003.
This data shows a drop in alcohol and cocaine (smoked and non-smoked) treatment admissions from 1993 to 2003, but shows dramatic increases in admissions for marijuana and stimulants during the same time period.
